[top]Disease Information
19 January 2006
Vol. 19 - No. 3Contents
AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS IN SWAZILAND
See also: 26 January 2006
(Date of previous outbreak of African horse sickness in Swaziland reported to the OIE: May 2004).
Immediate notification report
Information received on 12 January 2006 from Dr Robert S. Thwala, Director, Department of Veterinary and Livestock Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Co-operatives, Mbabane:
Report date: 11 January 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of start of the event: 22 December 2005.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (Region) Lower administrative division (Sub-region) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Shiselweni Hluti farm Mathanjeni 27.221 31.735 equ 3 1 1 0 0 - The affected farm had three horses, one of which fell sick and subsequently died. There are no other equines in the farm.
- Within the Mathanjeni diptank area there are now two horses (i.e. the two horses at the affected farm) and 106 donkeys.
- The Hluti sub-region, which includes the Mathanjeni diptank, has 15 horses (including those at the affected farm) and 1,039 donkeys.
- The adjoining Lavumisa subregional area has no horses and 1,222 donkeys.
Diagnosis: The veterinarian took heparinised blood from the sick horse and serum from the other two horses in the farm. The sick horse subsequently died but was this not reported to the veterinarian and the animal was subsequently lost to post-mortem and the required sampling for virus confirmation.
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa 9 Jan. 2006 pending Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures:
Owners of equines in the Mathanjeni diptank area have been advised to vaccinate at their own cost; meanwhile, a quarantine order is being enforced.
Vaccination in response to the outbreak:
First administrative division Species Total number of vaccinated animals Details of the vaccine Mathanjeni diptank area equ 2 horses (to be vaccinated) polyvalent live attenuated African horse sickness vaccine Other details/comments:
There was no recent history of the horses in the affected farm having visited an area known to be infected with African horse sickness.
Final report: no.
*
* *BLUETONGUE IN SPAIN
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 14 October 2005, 29 July 2005
Translation of information received on 12 January 2006 from Dr Arnaldo Cabello Navarro, Deputy Director General of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Madrid:
End of previous report period: 11 October 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [41], 345, dated 14 October 2005).
End of this report period: 12 January 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 21 July 2005.
Date of start of the event: 18 July 2005.
Clinical disease: no.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of new outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases* deaths destroyed slaughtered Andalusia Hueva farm Cartaya 11 Oct. 2005 bov 72 ... 0 0 0 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real farm Almodóvar del Campo 21 Oct. 2005 ovi 800 ... 0 0 0 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real farm Hinojosas de Calatrava 20 Oct. 2005 ovi 450 ... 0 0 0 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real farm Hinojosas de Calatrava 20 Oct. 2005 cap 140 ... 0 0 0 Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real farm Puebla de Don Rodrigo 21 Oct. 2005 bov 61 ... 0 0 0 Castilla-La Mancha Toledo farm Garciotun 21 Oct. 2005 bov 300 ... 0 0 0 Ceuta Ceuta farm Ceuta 26 Nov. 2005 cap 40 0 0 0 Ceuta Ceuta farm Ceuta 26 Nov. 2005 ovi 139 ... 0 1 1 Extremadura Badajoz farm Acedera 10 Oct. 2005 bov 88 ... 0 0 0 Extremadura Cáceres farm Casar de Cáceres 10 Oct. 2005 bov 27 ... 0 0 0 Extremadura Cáceres farm Valencia de Alcántara 10 Oct. 2005 bov 99 ... 0 0 0 Madrid Madrid farm Rozas del Puerto Real 14 Nov. 2005 bov 107 ... 0 0 0 * Note: The statistical sampling method used for epidemiological surveillance does not give the total number of infected animals within the positive farms. No clinical cases were detected.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Central Veterinary Laboratory, Algete, Madrid bov/ovi/cap RT-PCR(1) 7 October - 31 Dec. 2005 3,509 positive results out of 19,750 tests performed Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive; vectors.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of arthropods;
- partial stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- zoning.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no. During the winter period (cessation of activity of the vector), plans are under way for vaccinating the animals in the affected regions.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *AVIAN INFLUENZA IN JAPAN
Follow-up report No. 7See also: 27 July 2006, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 11 November 2005, 23 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 29 July 2005
Information received on 12 January 2006 from Dr Hirofumi Kugita, Chief Veterinary Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo:
End of previous report period: 6 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [49], 488, dated 9 December 2005).
End of this report period: 12 January 2006.
Precise identification of agent: low pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N2.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 June 2005.
Date of start of the event: 24 June 2005.
Five new outbreaks have been confirmed by the monitoring programme being implemented in the affected prefecture (Ibaraki).
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of new outbreaks:
First administrative division (Prefecture) Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases* deaths destroyed slaughtered Ibaraki Ibaraki municipality farm 18 Dec. 2005 avi 0 30,437 0 Ibaraki Ibaraki municipality farm 18 Dec. 2005 avi 79,721 0 0 0 Ibaraki Ogawa municipality farm 9 Dec. 2005 avi 0 18,889 0 Ibaraki Ogawa municipality farm 24 Dec. 2005 avi 0 31,415 0 Ibaraki Ogawa municipality farm 24 Dec. 2005 avi 0 13,257 0 * No clinical signs have been observed.
Description of affected population in the new outbreaks: chickens.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Livestock Hygiene Service Center in Ibaraki Prefecture - agar gel precipitation test;
- haemagglutination inhibition test.
between 8 and 24 December 2005 positive - virus isolation. between 12 and 25 December 2005 negative Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- all chickens in farms where the infection has been confirmed, except for those kept in premises with strict biosecurity facilities, have been destroyed or are to be destroyed;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
*
* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF ~)
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 16 November 2006, 19 October 2006, 21 September 2006, 24 August 2006, 10 August 2006, 3 August 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 15 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 4 May 2006, 30 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 5 January 2006, 18 November 2005, 22 July 2005
Information received on 16 January 2006 from Mr Jia Youling, Director General, Veterinary Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing:
End of previous report period: 30 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 19 [1], 7, dated 5 January 2006).
End of this report period: 16 January 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype Asia1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 29 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 6 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Ningxia Autonomous Region Zhongwei City village Xuanhe bov 8 2 1 7 0 Jiangxi Province Xuzhou City village Duanzhai bov 20 20 0 20 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin (national reference laboratory for FMD) - liquid-phase blocking ELISA(1);
- RT-PCR(2);
- virus isolation.
14 Jan. 2006 and 16 Jan. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out;
- 272 bovines present in the vicinity of the outbreaks were destroyed;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s);
- dipping/spraying.
Final report: no.
(1) ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(2) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
*
* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN SWEDEN
Follow-up report No. 1 on the outbreak in Östergötland CountySee also: 23 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 2 March 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 23 December 2005
Information received on 16 January 2006 from Dr Leif Denneberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping:
End of previous report period: 19 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [51], 521, dated 23 December 2005).
End of this report period: 16 January 2006.
Identification of agent: paramyxovirus type 1 (intracerebral pathogenicity index: 1.275).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 15 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 21 November 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak (reminder):
First administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Östergötland County farm Krusenhof, Aby 21 Nov. 2005 avi 40,000* 42 42 39,958 0 * laying hens
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- stamping out (poultry in the infected holding were culled and destroyed on 22 November 2005);
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment (preliminary cleaning and disinfection were done on 25 November 2005; final cleaning and disinfection are in progress).
B. To be undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
Transport restrictions in the 10-km surveillance area were lifted as from 27 December 2005.
Final report: no.
*
* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN SWEDEN
Follow-up report No. 1 on the outbreak in Skåne CountySee also: 23 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 2 March 2006, 16 February 2006, 19 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 23 December 2005
Information received on 16 January 2006 from Dr Leif Denneberg, Chief Veterinary Officer, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping:
End of previous report period: 28 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [52], 553, dated 30 December 2005).
End of this report period: 16 January 2006.
Identification of agent: paramyxovirus type 1 (intracerebral pathogenicity index: 1.275).
Date of first confirmation of the event: 27 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 9 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
Details of outbreak (reminder):
First administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Skåne County farm Norra Skravlinge, Billeberga 9 Dec. 2005 avi 18,900* 300 300 18,600 0 * laying hens
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- stamping out (poultry in the infected holding were culled and destroyed on 12 December 2005);
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment (preliminary cleaning and disinfection were done on 15 December 2005; final cleaning and disinfection are in progress).
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
Transport restrictions in the 10-km surveillance area were lifted as from 16 January 2006.
Final report: no.
*
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN TURKEY
Follow-up report No. 2See also: 17 August 2006, 18 May 2006, 11 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 13 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 30 March 2006, 23 March 2006, 9 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 12 and 17 January 2006 from Dr Nihat Pakdil, General Director of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankara:
End of previous report period: 8 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 18, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 17 January 2006.
Identification of agent: avian influenza virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 26 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
To date, 17 outbreaks have been registered in backyard poultry flocks in 9 provinces. In 2 of these provinces, namely Yozgat and Aydin, there have also been positive results in wild birds (pigeon, swan, sparrow, cormorant and wild duck).
Positive results were found only in wild birds (pigeons and wild ducks) in Ankara, Erzincan and Bitlis provinces.
Currently, there are 50 suspected outbreaks under investigation. Seven of these suspected outbreaks were notified from provinces where outbreaks or individual cases in wild birds have already been confirmed; the remaining 42 suspected outbreaks were notified from 19 provinces where no confirmed outbreaks have been detected.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Aydin Kusadasi village 9 Jan. 2006 avi 6,752 NA* fau(1) 3 Aydin Merkez village Çestepe 9 Jan. 2006 avi 2,167 Erzincan Merkez NA* Caglayan 21 Nov. 2005 fau(2) 3 3 0 0 Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa village 6 Jan. 2006 avi 2 43 0 0 Istanbul Kucukcekmece village 7 Jan. 2006 avi 5 1.028 0 0 Van Merkez village 5 Jan. 2006 avi 3 8,109 0 Yozgat Sorgun village Agahefendi avi 14,082 NA* fau(3) 1 * NA: not applicable
(1): 1 pigeon, 1 swan and 1 cormorant
(2): pigeons
(3): sparrow
Maps of confirmed or suspected outbreaks of avian influenza in domestic backyard flocks (as of 16 January 2006): click here
Description of affected population: all outbreaks in poultry occurred in backyard flocks which generally included chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Outbreak Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Bornova Veterinary Control and Research Institute (national reference laboratory) Merkez, Erzincan pigeon HI(1) 6 Jan. 2006 H5 Merkez, Van chicken HI(2) 9 Jan. 2006 H5 Pendik Veterinary Control and Research Institute Gaziosmanpasa, Istanbul chicken agar-gel precipitation test 11 Jan. 2006 negative Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) rapid test 11 Jan. 2006 positive Kucukcekmece, Istanbul chicken haemagglutination test 8 Jan. 2006 positive agar-gel precipitation test 9 Jan. 2006 positive The events in Gaziosmanpasa and Kucukcekmece, Istanbul have not yet been confirmed by the National Reference Laboratory.
Source of outbreak or origin of infection: contact with wild birds; movement of people and vehicle.
Suspected outbreaks found after preliminary laboratory examination:
No. Province District Date of preliminary diagnosis (not confirmed) 1 Ardahan Çildir/Yukariçanbaz 9 January 2006 2 Batman Safak mah. 15 January 2006 3 Batman Belediye Zabitasi 15 January 2006 4 Batman Kozluk/Kamisli 15 January 2006 5 Batman Kozluk/A.Yankili 15 January 2006 6 Batman Kozluk/Uzunçayir 15 January 2006 7 Batman Kozluk/Ulasli 15 January 2006 8 Bayburt Demirözü/Merkez 9 January 2006 9 Diyarbakir Merkez/Suriçi 10 January 2006 10 Diyarbakir Egil/Kirkkaya village 13 January 2006 11 Diyarbakir Egil/Bahsiler village 13 January 2006 12 Diyarbakir Egil/Baysu village 13 January 2006 13 Diyarbakir Sanayi mah. 15 January 2006 14 Diyarbakir Silvan Yolu 15 January 2006 15 Diyarbakir Ergani/Boncuklu köp. 15 January 2006 16 Diyarbakir Gömmetas village 15 January 2006 17 Elazig Merkez/Karsiyaka 10 January 2006 18 Erzurum Horasan/Akçatoprak 9 January 2006 19 Erzurum Horasan/Mollaahmet 9 January 2006 20 Erzurum Narman/Toygarli 9 January 2006 21 Erzurum Askale/Yesilova 9 January 2006 22 Eskisehir Han/Gökçeyayla 14 January 2006 23 Isparta Sakirkaraagaç 9 January 2006 24 Isparta Senirkent 11 January 2006 25 Izmir Bayindir/Demircilik 9 January 2006 26 Karabük Kayabasi 14 January 2006 27 Karaman Merkez/Cerit village 10 January 2006 28 Kars Merkez/Atatürk mah 7 January 2006 29 Kars Sarikamis/ Tepe mah 9 January 2006 30 Kars Merkez/Pasaçayiri mh. 9 January 2006 31 Kars Arpaçay/Kümbet 10 January 2006 32 Konya Bozkir/Hamzalar 11 January 2006 33 Malatya Kale/Bent village 15 January 2006 34 Mugla Milas/Merkez 14 January 2006 35 Mugla Milas/Hisarcik 14 January 2006 36 Mus Malazgirt, 9 January 2006 37 Mus Merkez/Kirköy 9 January 2006 38 Mus Bulanik/Yemisen Bel. 13 January 2006 39 Mus Bulanik/Erentepe Bel. 13 January 2006 40 Mus Malazgirt 14 January 2006 41 Samsun Bafra/Gökçeagaç 13 January 2006 42 Samsun Bafra/Keresteci 13 January 2006 43 Siirt Merkez /Gökçedag 14 January 2006 44 Siirt Pervari 14 January 2006 45 Sivas Kangal 10 January 2006 46 S.Urfa Viransehir /Üçgül 9 January 2006 47 Van Özalp/Cumhuriyet 15 January 2006 48 Yozgat Akdagmadeni/Uzakçay ve Kuslukacagi. 8 January 2006 49 Gaziantep Sehitkamil/Yalangoz 16 January 2006 50 Gaziantep Nurdagi/Içerisu 16 January 2006 Control measures undertaken:
- The National Disease Crisis Centre and Local Disease Crisis Centre have been activated.
- Protection and surveillance zones have been established.
- Susceptible animals in the protection zones are culled with compensation. During the period 15 December 2005 - 16 January 2006, 931,923 poultry in and around the outbreaks were culled.
- All movement of poultry and poultry products is banned.
- Biosecurity measures have been increased.
- Check points have been established for the control of illegal movements.
- Clinical, serological and virological surveillance is being carried out.
- Wildlife hunting is banned throughout the country.
- Public awareness is being raised and training is being performed.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
(1) HI: haemagglutination inhibition test
*
* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN CYPRUS
Isolation of the virus in wildlife (correction)See also: 5 January 2006
Please note that the information published in Disease Information, 19 [1], 6, dated 5 January 2006, was received from the new Delegate of Cyprus to the OIE, Dr Giorgos Neophytou, Director of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Nicosia, and not from Dr Phedias Loucaides, former Delegate to the OIE.
In addition, please note that the type of vaccine used was a live LaSota strain vaccine, not an inactivated vaccine:
Vaccination in response to the outbreak (corrected table):
Location Species Total number of vaccinated animals Details of the vaccine All backyard birds in a radius of 3 km and the flocks of the two neighbouring commercial farms (one poultry farm and one ostrich farm) have been vaccinated and booster vaccinated, respectively. poultry and ostriches live LaSota strain vaccine *
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 16See also: 2 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 16 February 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Information received on 17 and 18 January 2006 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
End of previous report period: 4 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [1], 11, dated 5 January 2006).
End of this report period: 17 January 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus serotype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 7 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 4 October 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division (county) Lower administrative division (district) Name of the location (village) Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Braila Ciresu Ciresu 10 Jan. 2006 avi 78 10 2 76 0 Braila Dudesti Dudesti 10 Jan. 2006 avi 139 16 2 137 0 Affected population: hens.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Location of the outbreak Samples examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Institute for Diagnostics and Animal Health (IDAH) (national reference laboratory) Ciresu village 5 cloacal swabs and organs + brain (samples taken from 1 hen corpse from a backyard flock) - RT-PCR(1);
- rapid test for diagnosis of HPAI;
- virus isolation in SPF(2) embryonated eggs.
13 Jan. 2006 - positive;
- positive;
- positive for HPAI subtype H5 for all samples examined.
Dudesti village 10 cloacal swabs and organs + brain (samples taken from 2 hen corpses from two different backyard flocks) - RT-PCR(1);
- rapid test for diagnosis of HPAI;
- virus isolation in SPF(2) embryonated eggs.
13 Jan. 2006 - positive;
- positive;
- positive for HPAI subtype H5 for all samples examined.
Origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures
A. Undertaken:
- stamping out;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
B. To be undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Other details/comments:
The control measures have been applied in both localities since 13 January 2006. Partial stamping-out was applied to the infected premises and to neighbouring backyard premises (there were 6 premises in Dudesti, where 127 fowls were culled, and 10 premises in Ciresu, where 157 fowls were liquidated), in accordance with the legislative provisions in force (Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Development Order No. 311, Art. 10).
Movement control has been applied to people, poultry, poultry products, feed, etc.
Backyard premises were disinfected and sanitary filters were installed at the entrance of the localities.
Corpses were destroyed by burning and burying.
Final report: no.
(1) RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction
(2) SPF: specific pathogen-free
Avian influenza situation in Romania (in poultry) as of 17 January 2006: click here
*
* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN AZERBAIJAN
See also: 16 February 2006, 16 February 2006
(Date of previous outbreak of Newcastle disease in Azerbaijan reported to the OIE: October 2001).
Immediate notification and final report
Information received on 18 January 2006 from Dr Ismayil Murshud Gasanov, Head, State Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Baku:
Report date: 17 January 2006.
Reason for immediate notification: re-occurrence of a listed disease or infection in a country or zone/compartment following a report declaring the outbreak(s) ended.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 6 January 2006.
Date of start of the event: 6 January 2006.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Masalli district village of Binakhodzhavar 6 Jan. 2006 avi 20 1 1 19 0 Description of affected population: backyard poultry.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results State Veterinary Laboratory, Baku virological testing 14 Jan. 2006 positive Source of outbreak or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- vaccination;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s).
Vaccination in response to the outbreak:
Location Species Total number of animals vaccinated Details of the vaccine village of Binakhodzhavar, district of Masalli avi 7,000 dry vaccine against Newcastle disease strain H Treatment of affected animals: no.
Final report: yes.
*
* *AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS IN NORWAY
Follow-up report No. 1See also: 24 August 2006, 12 January 2006
Information received on 18 January 2006 from Dr Keren Bar-Yaacov, Chief Veterinary Officer, Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Brumunddal:
End of previous report period: 5 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 17, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 18 January 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 4 January 2006.
Date of start of the event: 28 December 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical and laboratory.
New outbreak:
First administrative division Lower administrative division Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Aust-Agder Grimstad farm Reddal Y 37925 X 4415 12 Jan. 2006 avi 5,000 5,000 0 Description of affected population: egg-producing flock.
Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Diagnostic tests used Date Results Veterinary Institute, Oslo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 12 Jan. 2006 positive Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: unknown or inconclusive.
Control measures undertaken:
- quarantine;
- stamping out.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments: the affected farm is located in the same village as the three outbreaks reported in the Immediate notification report.
Final report: no.
*
* *FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN BRAZIL
Follow-up report No. 15See also: 26 October 2006, 14 September 2006, 27 July 2006, 22 June 2006, 1 June 2006, 25 May 2006, 27 April 2006, 20 April 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 18 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 28 October 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 14 October 2005
Translation of information received on 18 January 2006 from Dr Jorge Caetano Junior, Director, Department of Animal Protection (DDA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Brasilia:
End of previous report period: 6 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 16, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 18 January 2006.
Identification of agent: foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus serotype O.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 8 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 26 September 2005.
1. State of Mato Grosso do Sul:
To date, no new outbreaks have been reported in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. So far, no cases have been reported in species other than cattle. A total of 33 outbreaks have been detected.
Surveillance measures continue to be implemented in the outbreaks region.
Disease measures have been adopted in order to contain the spread of the disease. These include the following:
- Ban on 812 establishments.
- Ban on the municipalities of Eldorado, Mundo Novo, Japorã and areas in the municipalities of Iguatemi and Itaquiraí situated within a 25-km radius of the outbreaks.
- Fourteen permanently manned control posts and application of biosecurity measures, with entry restricted to professionals and officials working on the case.
- Clinical inspection of animals in the establishments under surveillance.
- Slaughter of 30,735 susceptible animals, currently in the final phase.
- Compensation payments totalling 12,440,102 Brazilian reals (approximately 5,354,000 USD) have been paid to 252 producers whose herds were destroyed.
- Cleaning and disinfection; all establishments where depopulation is complete are being maintained empty.
- Despatch of a report, to all Brazilian states and to the establishments that received animals from any of the municipalities that were subsequently placed under a ban, on the animal movements that occurred during the 60 days prior to notification of the first outbreak.
- Epidemiological investigation to establish the origin of the disease.
2. State of Paraná:
The state of Paraná continues to adopt the following disease measures:
- Ban on establishments located within a 10-km radius of suspected cases or of outbreaks (i.e. where establishments continue to be under a ban), with a ban on vaccination in this area.
- Control of animal movements, with the establishment of control posts and the application of biosecurity measures.
Final report: no.
*
* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN UKRAINE
Follow-up report No. 6See also: 28 September 2006, 13 July 2006, 29 June 2006, 22 June 2006, 16 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 9 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005
Information received on 19 January 2006 from Dr Petr I. Verbytskiy, Head, State Department for Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agricultural Policy, Kiev:
End of previous report period: 10 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 22, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 19 January 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 2 December 2005.
Date of start of the event: 25 November 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, post-mortem and laboratory.
The State Veterinary Services of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, in collaboration with local authorities, have formed 172 groups to perform clinical examination of backyard poultry throughout the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
New outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location (farm) Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Crimea* Dzhankoyskiy village Predmostnoye 16 Jan. 2006 avi 34 34 0 0 Crimea* Feodosiya village Primorskoye 10 Jan. 2006 avi 2,935 1 1 0 0 Crimea* Feodosiya village Beregovoye 13 Jan. 2006 avi 1,402 5 5 0 0 Crimea* Feodosiya village Ordzhonikidze 14 Jan. 2006 avi 384 4 4 0 0 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea
New suspected outbreaks:
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location (farm) Date of start of the suspected outbreak Species Number of animals in the suspected outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Crimea* Bakhchisarayskiy village Malovidnoye 17 Jan. 2006 avi 3 3 0 0 Crimea* Kirovskiy village Zolotoye Pole 17 Jan. 2006 avi 28 28 0 0 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea
Corrected data for new outbreaks reported in Follow-up report No. 5:
First administrative division Lower administrative division (district) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location (farm) Date of start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreaks susceptible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Crimea* Feodosiya farm Poberzhye Ltd. 28 Dec. 2005 avi 23,501 23,501 23,501 0 0 Crimea* Feodosiya farm Ptitsecomplex Ltd. 28 Dec. 2005 avi 82,418 62,638 62,638 0 0 Crimea* Feodosiya farm Yugagro Ltd. 28 Dec. 2005 avi 60,036 60,036 60,036 0 0 * Autonomous Republic of Crimea
In addition, as of 13 January 2006, 1,691,000 eggs (850,000 eggs from Ptitsecomplex Ltd. and 841,000 eggs from Yugagro Ltd.) were destroyed by incineration.
Diagnosis:
Laboratories where diagnostic tests were performed Location of sampling Species examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Ukraine State Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine in AR Crimea, Simferopol Beregovoye village, Feodosiya district chickens PCR(1) 13 Jan. 2006 positive for influenza A virus 1 jay, 1 rook, 2 pigeons PCR(1) 13 Jan. 2006 positive Ordzhonikidze village geese, ducks PCR(1) 14 Jan. 2006 positive Primorskoye and Beregovoye villages chickens PCR(1) 14 Jan. 2006 positive Predmostnoye village 6 chickens, 1 turkey PCR(1) 17 Jan. 2006 positive for influenza A virus Dzhankoy wild duck PCR(1) 17 Jan. 2006 positive for influenza A virus Malovidnoye village, Bakhchisarayskiy district geese PCR(1) 17 Jan. 2006 negative VLA - Weybridge, United Kingdom (OIE Reference Laboratory for avian influenza) Yugagro Ltd, and Ptitsecomplex Ltd, Feodosiya chickens H5 real-time PCR(1) 17 Jan. 2006 all 12 samples tested: positive results Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI-ARRIAH), Russia Yugagro Ltd, Feodosiya samples (brains, trachea, lung, spleen, liver, intestines) and blood sera were collected from dead and sick chickens influenza A antigen capture test strip 10 Jan. 2006 influenza A virus antigen was detected in 3 samples collected from dead chickens HI(2) 10 Jan. 2006 negative PCR(1) 10 Jan. 2006 influenza A virus was detected in 4 samples collected from dead chickens; subtype H5N1 was determined. Source of outbreaks or origin of infection: contact with wild birds.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- stamping out;
- all dead birds are destroyed by burning;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected premises/establishments.
As of 19 January 2006, final disinfection is completed in the farms Ptitsecomplex Ltd., Yugagro Ltd. and Poberezhye Ltd.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Other details/comments:
The total number of quarantine posts on the territory of the affected districts is 4 (3 posts in Feodosiya district and 1 post in Simferopolskiy district).
Quarantine restrictions have been lifted in the following villages:
- Nekrasovka, Dmitrovka, Krasnoflotskoye, Sovetskoye, Chernozyomnoye, Prisivashnoye (Sovetskiy district);
- Izobilnoye, Akimovka, Yemelyanovka, Kirsanovka (Nizhnegorskiy district);
- Zavet-Leninskiy, Pushkino (Dzhankoyskiy district);
- Chernomorskoye, Khmelevo (Chernomorskiy district);
- Krepkoye (Krasnoperekopskiy district).
Final report: no.
(1) PCR: polymerase chain reaction
(2) HI: haemagglutination inhibition test
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THAILAND
Follow-up report No. 83See also: 16 November 2006, 3 August 2006, 27 July 2006, 6 April 2006, 16 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 26 January 2006, 12 January 2006, 23 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005, 18 November 2005, 4 November 2005, 28 October 2005, 21 October 2005, 14 October 2005, 7 October 2005, 30 September 2005, 23 September 2005, 16 September 2005, 9 September 2005, 2 September 2005, 26 August 2005, 19 August 2005, 12 August 2005, 29 July 2005, 22 July 2005, 15 July 2005
Information received on 19 January 2006 from Dr Yukol Limlamthong, Director General, Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok:
End of previous report period: 11 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [2], 22, dated 12 January 2006).
End of this report period: 18 January 2006.
No new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza were reported during the week under report.
Final report: no.
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* *HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA IN CROATIA
Follow-up report No. 4See also: 9 February 2006, 16 December 2005, 28 October 2005, 28 October 2005, 28 October 2005
Information received on 19 January 2006 from Dr Mate Brstilo, Director of the Veterinary Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Zagreb:
End of previous report period: 13 December 2005 (see Disease Information, 18 [50], 512, dated 16 December 2005).
End of this report period: 17 January 2006.
Identification of agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus serotype H5N1.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 21 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 19 October 2005.
Clinical disease: yes.
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory.
During regular monitoring activities conducted at Ribnjak 1905 fish pond, four swans in a flock of around 265 swans were shot for diagnostic purposes; samples were taken and sent to the Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute in Zagreb. Laboratory testing revealed that two samples were positive for avian influenza virus. All samples were found to be negative on virus isolation in chicken embryos.
In the same location, 26 other birds (wild ducks) were shot for diagnostic purposes. Samples from these 26 birds were tested at the Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute in Zagreb and were all found to be negative for avian influenza.
Details of outbreak:
First administrative division (County) Lower administrative division (municipality) Type of epidemiological unit Name of the location Latitude Longitude Start of the outbreak Species Number of animals in the outbreak suscep-tible cases deaths destroyed slaughtered Osijecko-Baranjska Nasice village Ribnjak 1905 45Ί34'020" N 18Ί 08' 891" E 3 Jan. 2006 fau 265 0 4 0 Diagnosis:
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed Birds examined Diagnostic tests used Date Results Poultry Centre of the Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb 4 swans virus isolation in chicken embryos 13 Jan. 2006 negative haemagglutination inhibition test 13 Jan. 2006 positive (2 out of 4 swans) 26 wild ducks virus isolation in chicken embryos 17 Jan. 2006 negative haemagglutination inhibition test 17 Jan. 2006 negative Source of outbreak or origin of infection: seasonal migration of wild birds - swans.
Control measures undertaken:
- control of wildlife reservoirs;
- quarantine;
- movement control inside the country;
- screening;
- zoning;
- disinfection of infected areas.
Treatment of affected animals: no.
Vaccination prohibited: yes.
Final report: no.
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* *NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN ROMANIA
Follow-up report No. 6See also: 21 December 2006, 2 November 2006, 15 June 2006, 6 April 2006, 9 March 2006, 23 February 2006, 2 February 2006, 5 January 2006, 30 December 2005, 16 December 2005, 9 December 2005, 2 December 2005, 25 November 2005
Information received on 13 and 19 January 2006 from Dr Gabriel Predoi, Director General, National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest:
End of previous report period: 4 January 2006 (see Disease Information, 19 [1], 9, dated 5 January 2006).
End of this report period: 19 January 2006.
Date of first confirmation of the event: 14 October 2005.
Date of start of the event: 15 September 2005.
No new suspicions have been observed during the reported period.
Confirmation of outbreaks:
The following suspected outbreaks which were reported in Follow-up Report No. 5, were confirmed by the laboratory.
Laboratory confirmed diagnosis:
First administrative division (County) Lower administrative division Name of the location Date of start of the outbreak Species Diagnostic test used Results Arges* Buzoiesti Vulpesti avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.75 Arges* Oarja Oarja 7 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.75;
- positive
Brasov Brasov Brasov avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.75 Brasov* Moeciu-de-Sus Moeciu-de-Sus avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.71 Bucharest 1st district 24 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.73;
- positive
Bucharest* 1st district avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.75 Buzau Balta Alba Balta Alba 5 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.87;
- positive
Buzau Balta Alba Balta Alba avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.87 Caras Severin* Bocsa Bocsa avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.75 Ilfov Cernica Caldararu 12 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.75;
- positive
Ilfov Dascalu Dascalu 5 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.75;
- positive
Ilfov Pantelimon Pantelimon 12 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.75;
- positive
Ilfov* Voluntari Voluntari 6 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.75;
- positive
Prahova Boldesti Scaieni Boldesti Scaieni 9 Dec. 2005 avi - ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks;
- virus isolation in embryonated SPF eggs.
- ICPI=1.77;
- positive
Prahova Boldesti Scaieni Boldesti Scaieni ... avi ICPI(1) test on day-old SPF(2) chicks ICPI=1.77 * Note by the OIE Animal Health Department: this outbreak was not mentioned in the previously published list of suspected outbreaks.
Laboratory where diagnostic tests were performed: Institute for Diagnostic and Animal Health (national reference laboratory).
Control measures undertaken:
- affected backyard premises placed under official control;
- partial stamping out applied to the affected premises (culling of poultry by gassing with CO2 in containers; destruction of corpses by burning and burying);
- quarantine of infected area;
- disinfection of infected backyard premises.
Vaccination prohibited: no.
Final report: no.
(1) SPF: specific pathogen free
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE IN AZERBAIJAN
See also: 16 February 2006
Information received on 12 January 2006 from Dr Ismayil Murshud Gasanov, Head, State Veterinary Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Baku, in response to a request by the OIE:
Report date: 12 January 2006.
In connection with the worsening highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) situation in neighbouring and other Eurasian countries, a government Commission has been set up in Azerbaijan. This Commission includes representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture, Health, Ecology and Nature Resources as well as scientists from the Academy of Sciences and representatives of the union of Azerbaijan hunters.
The members of the Commission regularly organise serological sampling of wild birds and game birds for subsequent testing by the National Veterinary Laboratory. So far, more than 2,200 blood tests have been performed on domestic and wild birds and 360 pathological specimens examined: all the results have been negative for HPAI.
The hunting of game has been banned since August 2005.
In connection with the potential spread of the disease, operating procedures in the large integrated poultry farms and facilities have been greatly tightened. Workers in the area have been made aware of the increased precautions needed to avoid contamination and possible spread of avian influenza.
The importation of products of animal origin from countries where outbreaks of HPAI disease have been detected is forbidden.
Control measures are being applied by veterinarians in the country and regional markets to prevent the sale of meat from wild birds.
All veterinary control points at borders have been operationally strengthened and all vehicles are subjected to veterinary sanitary processing.
In order to prevent the occurrence of avian influenza in the territory of Azerbaijan, the government has allocated funds for the purchase of protective clothing and other specialised equipment to enable all necessary actions to be taken.
At the present time, HPAI is not registered in the territory of Azerbaijan.
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* *MISCELLANEOUS: AVIAN INFLUENZA PREVENTION MEASURES TAKEN BY SYRIA
Information received on 15 January 2006 from Dr George Khoury, Director of Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Damascus:
Report date: 15 January 2006.
In view of the animal health situation in the world, and especially in eastern Asia and some of Syria's neighbouring countries, the Animal Health Directorate in the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, has been preparing a National Contingency Plan on Avian Influenza since February 2004, to protect the country from the risk posed by this disease.
The components of the National Contingency Plan are as follows:
A. Establishment of two committees:
1) National Steering Committee:
Deputy Minister of Agriculture Head of the Committee Director of Animal Health Deputy Head Representative of the Farmers' Union Member Representative of the Veterinarians' Association Member Representative of the Ministry of Health Member Representative of the Veterinary Faculty Member Head of the Poultry Department Member Head of the Infectious Diseases Department Member Head of the Quarantine Department Member Duties of the Steering Committee:
To suggest technical regulations.
To monitor the activities of quarantine stations at national borders.
To monitor the world animal health and public health situation through the OIE, FAO, WHO, etc.
To monitor the health status of poultry in Syria.
To establish Working Committees at a provincial level.
To receive regular reports from the Working Committees.
To take the appropriate health and administrative measures in the event of any occurrence of the disease.
Main duties of the Working Committees:
To conduct field surveillance to study the health status of poultry.
To prepare technical reports on the animal health situation in the respective provinces and submit these reports regularly to the Steering Committee.
To send samples from any flocks where avian influenza is suspected to the Central Veterinary Laboratory in Damascus for testing and evaluation.
To conduct group extension meetings and distribute information leaflets to all persons involved in the poultry sector.
Current procedures:
In view of the avian influenza situation in 2005, especially the occurrence of the disease in Turkey, the Steering Committee suggested to the government some important procedures in the event of disease occurrence.
2) High Level Committee:
The government established a High Level Committee, headed by the Prime Minister. The members are:
Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform.
Minister of Health.
Minister of Transportation.
Minister of Trade and Economics.
Minister of Local Administration and Environment.
Minister of External Affairs.
General Customs Administration.
On 18 October 2005, this Committee discussed the Steering Committee's suggestions and decided on the following:
a. Avian influenza disease prevention in Syria:
Continuous surveillance for the disease in the provinces.
Ban on the importation of poultry and poultry products from all countries.
Provide laboratories with the necessary equipment for avian influenza diagnosis.
Closure of all live bird markets in cities.
Work on establishing stations to monitor the movement of migratory birds over Syria.
Strict health controls at poultry slaughterhouses.
Strict controls at border crossing points.
Extension activities to be conducted through different types of media, such as television, radio and newspapers.
b. Required procedures in the event of an occurrence of the disease:
Stamping out to be applied to the infected flocks using the appropriate sanitary methods.
Isolation and typing of the causal virus strain.
Setting up of infected zones and imposition of quarantine.
Ban on the movement of birds from and to infected zones.
Sanctions for failure to inform the Veterinary Services in the event of disease occurrence.
B. Current activities:
The Veterinary Authorities, in cooperation with the relevant authorities, are applying the following measures:
- Extension programmes at different levels (veterinarians, farmers, general public) conducted through the media, workshops in all regions in the country, etc.
- Intensive avian influenza control and investigation campaigns.
- Ban on the importation of poultry and poultry products from all countries.
- Application of strict sanitary measures at Syria's international borders.
- Closure of all live poultry markets; application of sanitary measures to backyard chickens.
- Control of water reservoirs.
- Control of poultry movements inside the country.
- Coordination with the veterinary authorities in neighbouring countries concerning preventive measures.
- Testing of all samples submitted to the poultry laboratory; no suspected cases of the disease have been recorded.
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